Monograph

Does your brain feel fuzzy, forgetful, and unfocused? Stress-related toxins, decreased oxygen flow, as well as excessive adrenaline and cortisol release can impede cognitive function. To maintain optimal mental function and provide cellular communication throughout the body, the brain needs nutritional support. NUTRA Mind focuses on neurosupportive nutrients that may support healthy cognitive function: Acetyl-L-Carnitine, DMAE, Gingko Biloba, Siberian Ginseng, Blueberry Fruit, Lecithin, Glutamine, and Tyrosine.
 

Description

NUTRA Mind contains 12 vital nutrients to support healthy mental capacity, which include Acetyl-L-Carnitine, DMAE, Gingko Biloba, Siberian Ginseng, Blueberry Fruit, and Lecithin. In addition, NUTRA Mind includes two valuable amino acids L-Glutamine and L-Tyrosine.

Research

Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Related to the essential amino acid L-Carnitine, Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC) is a mitochondrial metabolite that can increase the availability of oxygen in the brain to improve blood flow and decrease oxidative stress.

By increasing blood circulation and reducing oxidative stress, memory function, alertness, and attention span can improve.[1] In combination with Alpha Lipoic Acid, ALC has been shown to protect the brain from oxidative stress in patients with neurological ailments.[2] One study found ALC significantly enhanced the learning capacity of aged rats given new maze tasks, in comparison to the control group.[3]

A meta-analysis of ALC clinical trials found a significant difference in cognitive improvement between patients treated with ALC and placebo groups. Trials conducted over 3, 6, or 12 months were reviewed, finding ALC was well-tolerated by patients. Cognitive improvements began in three months and increased overtime.[4]

Ashwagandha

Commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine to strengthen physical and mental health, Ashwagandha is a nightshade plant native to India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.[5] A research review of Ashwagandha found this potent herb can deter the development of neurodegenerative ailments by aiding neuronal function.[6]

Several animal studies have been conducted to review Ashwagandha's effect on neurodegenerative ailments in mice, finding the herb significantly improved antioxidant activity and lessened the formation of oxidative stress that causes neurological degeneration.[7] One study suggested Ashwagandha had neuroprotective effects in female rats, as it produced a significant reduction in the proliferation of degenerating cells.[8] Furthermore, Ashwagandha enhanced cognition and improved memory in rats by aiding acetylcholine neurotransmitter function.[9]

Ashwagandha was compared to a traditional cognitive medicine used to alleviate social stress and anxiety. After six weeks of isolation, results indicated both Ashwagandha and the traditional drug were effective in reducing anxiety and improving mood.[10]

Blueberry

Several studies have suggested diets rich in antioxidants may reduce the risk of neurodegenerative ailments. The polyphenolic compounds, found in blueberries may aid cognitive function by restoring neuronal communication.[11] Furthermore, blueberries contain anthocyanins, antioxidant compounds that reduce oxidative stress in the brain.[12]

An animal study found blueberry extract was effective in reducing age-related degeneration in the brain after rats were given the extract for eight weeks. Researchers suggested blueberry extract was able to cross the blood brain barrier to reach cognitive areas and locally improve mental abilities.[13]

One study found blueberry's antioxidant activity improved memory by activating receptors in the hippocampus, which are vital to learning and memory function.[14]

Blueberry supplementation also deterred aging effects on the brain by improving neuronal signaling and motor behavior.[15] Furthermore, researchers found blueberry extract improves cognitive function by altering specific stress signals in the brain.[16]

DMAE

Found naturally in fish, Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) is a precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter carrying messages between brain cells. DMAE has shown positive benefits on balancing mood as 80 subjects with emotional imbalances took DMAE or a placebo for three months. Individuals taking DMAE had more improvement in emotional well-being.[17]

Ginkgo Biloba

Insufficient oxygen in the brain can lead to a proliferation of oxidative stress and negative cognitive conditions. Ginkgo, a powerful antioxidant, is a valuable source for promoting circulation in the brain to improve memory function, alertness, and overall cognitive health. One study compared multiple doses of ginkgo with a single daily dose to see if there were any differences in the effects on short-term memory among healthy middle-aged subjects. The results indicated a single, daily dose of 120 mg of ginkgo was most effective in improving short-term memory.[18]

A six-week clinical trial of 262 healthy individuals, from 60 years of age and older, found that ginkgo improved memory scores and self-perception of memory, when compared to the placebo group.[19] A similar study of 62 healthy subjects found ginkgo improved mental function in four weeks.[20]

A critical review of 40 clinical trials, where ginkgo was given in a daily dose of 120 mg to 160 mg for 4 to 6 weeks, indicated positive effects of ginkgo on memory. The review found ginkgo is a safe-treatment for improving overall cognitive function associated with decreased circulation in the brain.[21] Among 202 individuals with cognitive insufficiencies, ginkgo significantly improved cognitive and social functioning, when treated six months to one year.[22],[23]

Ginseng

As a phytoadaptogen, ginseng has exhibited a neuroprotective role to aid the cognitive mechanisms associated with neurological health.[24] Several animal studies have found ginseng can prevent neuronal cell loss to protect the brain from oxidative damage and deter neurological ailments.[25], [26],[27] Furthermore, ginseng may improve mood. A four-week study found ginseng aided mental health and social functioning, among elderly subjects whom reported an improvement in quality of life.[28]

L-Glutamine

L-Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and plays an important role in metabolic processes. A review of N-ethyl-L-glutamine research suggested glutamine protects cognitive function by increasing GABA, serotonin, and dopamine levels. An animal study found that L-Glutamine increased GABA levels in rats to reduce the effects of anxiety and neuronal ailments.[29] Furthermore, studies suggest L-Glutamine can improve memory and learning.[30]

L-Tyrosine

L-Tyrosine is a protein amino acid that is the precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine, adrenaline, and thyroid hormones. As a precursor to the neurotransmitters associated with well-being, L-Tyrosine is a beneficial amino acid for managing and improving concentration during stressful situations.

Several studies found L-Tyrosine significantly improves cognitive function during environmental or behavioral stress. One study reviewed the effects of L-Tyrosine (2 g) on cognitive performance in military cadets during combat training. In comparison to the placebo group, subjects taking L-Tyrosine performed significantly better on cognitive tasks and blood pressure decreased. Researchers concluded L-Tyrosine minimized stress and fatigue to improve cognitive function.[31]

Cognitive performance can be dramatically deferred when an individual is exposed to environmental stress. One study found L-Tyrosine improved cognitive performance after the body core temperature was lowered in individuals exposed to cold water.[32]

Memory is often compromised during stress. One study observed L-Tyrosine (150 mg) improved short-term memory in subjects an hour after administration.[33] A similar study found memory loss associated with environmental stress could be alleviated with 300 mg of L-Tyrosine.[34]

Individuals experiencing long durations of sleeplessness can have poor cognitive function and performance. One study examined the behavioral effects of L-Tyrosine on sleep loss with subjects involved in continuous nighttime work. Results indicated L-Tyrosine improved cognitive performance among individuals with sleep loss.[35]

Phosphatidylserine (PS) - SerinAid®

A phospholipid derived from soy lecithin, SerinAid® (PS) is involved in distributing molecular messages between cells. It also balances elevated cortisol levels, while improving cognitive function.

The effects of PS on mental function were reviewed among 494 elderly patients with cognitive degeneration. Results showed significant improvement in behavioral and cognitive function among individuals taking PS.[36] Similarly, a twelve-week study gave 51 patients with cognitive degeneration PS or a placebo. Individuals taking PS found greater cognitive function in comparison to the placebo group. Patients with mild cognitive ailments had the greatest improvement in cognitive health.[37]

A twelve-week study recruited 149 patients with memory ailments to take a PS formulation or a placebo. Memory and learning improved in subjects taking PS, as researchers suggested PS may deter the development of age-related memory ailments.[38] An animal study reviewed the effects of PS on rats with age-related memory ailments. Results indicated PS increased acetylcholine activity in the brain to stimulate memory function.[39]

Pyroglutamic Acid

Pyroglutamic acid, an amino acid, aids cognitive function by promoting the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.[40] An animal study found pyroglutamic acid improved blood circulation in the center of the brain.[41] Additionally, pyroglutamic acid has been shown to improve glucose utilization in the cerebral tissues.[42]

Rhodiola rosea

Native to eastern Siberia, Rhodiola rosea has been used in Russian traditional medicine for centuries as it is known for its adaptogenic activity (increases the body's resistance to stress and aids mental function).

One study observed the effects of rhodiola extract on 56 healthy physicians that were suffering from fatigue during night shifts. Results indicated a significant improvement in individuals taking rhodiola in two weeks suggesting fatigue can be reduced under stressful conditions.[43] Another study recruited students to take rhodiola for 20 days during an examination period. Results indicated students taking rhodiola had more physical and mental endurance when compared to the placebo group.[44]

A six-week study recruited individuals with mood ailments to take rhodiola extract, finding mood, sleep, and emotional balance improved in subjects taking rhodiola extract.[45] Similarly, rhodiola may alleviate chronic anxiety as a ten-week study demonstrated rhodiola significantly reduced anxiety in individuals taking the extract.[46] The stress-relieving effects were extended finding rhodiola can prevent cardiovascular damage associated with stress.[47]

Rhodiola has also been administered in animal studies finding its adaptogenic activity can relieve mental stress. [48] The extract can prevent behavioral and physiological changes that are often associated with chronic stress.[49] Furthermore, a single dose of rhodiola stimulated the central nervous system to balance mood and behavior in mice.29

Vinpocetine

Vinpocetine is derived from the Periwinkle plant found primarily in West Africa. This extract can assists several cognitive functions, including memory, concentration, and attention span. Vinpocetine increases oxygen in the brain to deter the development of cerebral ailments.[50]

Studies have shown that Vinpocetine increases glucose metabolism and stimulates various neuron components in the brain, while its antioxidant activity offers neuroprotection.[51] Furthermore, it was observed that Vinpocetine improved glucose utilization and blood flow in patients with cerebral ischemia (reduced blood flow in the brain).[52]

A twelve-week study recruited patients with mental deterioration to take Vinpocetine, while cerebral blood flow was measured during the treatment. Results indicated an improvement in cerebral blood flow and cognitive functions, especially among patients with mild cognitive impairment.[53] Individuals with reduced blood flow in the brain were recruited to take Vinpocetine or a placebo for three months. Results indicated Vinpocetine improved cognitive function, in contrast cognitive abilities declined in the placebo group.[54]

Forty-two elderly patients with cognitive dysfunction received Vinpocetine or a placebo for 90 days. Results indicated that patients taking Vinpocetine had greater cognitive scores and mental function when measured with the placebo group.[55]

One study gave Vinpocetine to 30 patients with cerebral ischemia finding the treatment reduced elevated hematocrit levels and red blood cell aggregation that is associated with cerebral ailments.[56]

Additional Information – Dosage & Interactions

Suggested Use

As a dietary supplement, take three capsules daily, or as directed by a physician.

Dosage

Acetyl-L-Carnitine – 500 to 2000 mg per day in divided doses

Ashwangandha – Up to 6,000 mg per day

Blueberry Extract – Up to 1,000 mg per day

DMAE – Up to 3,000 mg per day

Ginkgo Biloba – 120 to 160 mg per day to aid circulation; Up to 240 mg per day to improve cognitive abilities and balance mood

L-Glutamine - Up to 21 g per day

L-Tyrosine - Up to 1500 mg per day

Phosphatidylserine (SerinAid®) – 200 mg to 500 mg per day (elemental PS)

Pyroglutamic Acid – Up to 2,000 mg per day in divided doses

Rhodiola Root – Up to 300 mg per day (6 mg rosavins, 3 mg salidrosides)

Siberian Ginseng - Up to 200 mg per day (2 mg eleutherosides)

Vinpocetine – Up to 30 mg per day in divided doses

Precautions

The maximum safe dosages of the nutrients in this formula have not been determined for children, pregnant or nursing women, or those with severe liver or kidney disease. As with all supplement regimens, please consult your physician prior to use.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine - Occasionally, mild abdominal discomfort, restlessness, vertigo, and headache have been reported in individuals taking ALC.

Ashwangandha – Individuals with leukemia should avoid supplements with Ashwagandha.

Blueberry Extract – There are no known adverse reactions with proper supplementation.

DMAE – DMAE is typically well-tolerated, though rare cases of anxiety, shortness of breath, trouble sleeping, and upset stomach have been reported.

Ginkgo Biloba - Occasional gastrointestinal upset, allergic skin reaction and headache. Ginkgo Biloba is not known to be toxic at high dosages. Due to its blood thinning properties, care should be used by individuals with blood clotting problems or those taking anticoagulant medications.

L-Glutamine - Individuals with Reye's syndrome, severe kidney or liver damage, or other illnesses that cause ammonia to build up in the blood should not take L-Glutamine.

L-Tyrosine - Individuals with high blood pressure should exercise caution while taking L-Tyrosine, as it can raise blood pressure levels in some individuals. Individuals with melanoma should avoid L-Tyrosine, as it can increase cellular growth rate. L-Tyrosine is typically well tolerated, though minor reports experienced gastrointestinal upset, insomnia, nervousness, or headaches.

Phosphatidylserine (SerinAid®) – There are no known adverse reactions with proper supplementation.

Pyroglutamic Acid – May cause stomach upset and diarrhea in larger doses.

Rhodiola Root – There are no known adverse reactions with proper supplementation.

Siberian Ginseng - Individuals with cardiovascular disease or diabetes (may lower blood glucose levels) should use caution when taking ginseng.

Vinpocetine – Individuals with low blood pressure, seizure disorders, or liver problems should not take Vinpocetine.

Drug Interactions

Consult a physician before taking NUTRA Mind, as the following key nutrients may interact with certain medications.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine - Nucleoside analogues didanosine (ddI), Zalcitabine (ddC), Stavudine (d4T) can decrease ALC levels.

Ashwangandha – Cyclophosphamide, Pentobarbital

Blueberry Extract – There are no known interactions with proper supplementation.

DMAE – There are no known interactions with proper supplementation.

Ginkgo Biloba - Blood thinning medicine (Coumadin, Plavix, etc.); Pain Relievers (Advil, Motrin, etc.), Naproxen (Aleve, etc.); Anti-Depressants (Zoloft, Paxil, etc.); High blood pressure medicine (Cardizem, Cardene, etc.); Anti-convulsants (Dilantin, Tegretol, etc.); and/or Insulin.

L-Glutamine - Human Growth Hormone, Indomethacin, Methotrexate, Paclitaxel

L-Tyrosine - MAOIs (Deprenyl, Eldepryl, Marplan, etc.) Bendopa, Sinemet, Ritalin

Phosphatidylserine (SerinAid®) – There are no known interactions with proper supplementation.

Pyroglutamic Acid – There are no known interactions with proper supplementation.

Rhodiola Root – There are no known interactions with proper supplementation.

Siberian Ginseng - Albendazole, Anticoagulants, Insulin, Estrogen, MAOIs, Nifedipine

Vinpocetine – Blood thinning medication

*Statements made herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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